It was traditionally believed that the Neanderthals became extinct, but there is evidence of cross breeding between Neanderthals and Early Modern Humans in what is now Spain and Portugal. This may explain the survival of a certain hairiness across Europe and as far as India in Modern Humans.
Successful offspring would have the human brain and speech facility combined with a tough, cold weather adapted body.
As a tall, slim and smooth bodied person I think I met Neanderthal descendants among the bullies at school.
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